University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-52599220250601Identifying the competencies required by managers to establish a meritocracy system in sports organizations116352010.22098/jast.2023.12680.1277ENFatemehRezapourPhD Student, Department of Sport Management, University of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, IranMehrdadMoharramzadehDepartment of Sport Management, University of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, IranNasrinAzizian-KohanDepartment of Sport Management, University of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, IranAbbasNaghizadeh-BaghiDepartment of Sport Management, University of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, IranJournal Article20230409The objective of this research was to identify the competencies required by managers to establish a meritocracy system in sports organizations. The method of this research is qualitative and uses the phenomenology method. The statistical population of this research included the professors of the academic faculties of the country's universities with leadership and management experience in sports organizations. The validity and reliability of this research confirm using the indicators of validity, transferability, trustworthiness, and verifiability .After coding the research stages using the phenomenological method, 54 sub-themes we identified in 5 areas of managerial, specialized, personality, communication and leadership competencies. The results of the research showed that the competencies required for managers in sports organizations include managerial competencies (planning, decision-making skills), specialized competencies (education and experience), personality competencies (such as justice and order management) ,communication skills (human and political relations skills) leadership skills (motivation skills, flexibility). The results of this research can be utilized to establish a meritocracy system in sports organizations.https://jast.uma.ac.ir/article_3520_aac5f73f96be3648a63e0cadb20458d5.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-52599220250601Designing a Model of Blue Ocean Strategy in Sports Startups1734360110.22098/jast.2024.15403.1366ENHodaNejatiPhD student in Sports Management, Department of Sports Management, Shomal University, Amol, IranSeyed MohammadhosseinRazaviProfessor of sport management, Department of Sports Management, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.SaeedAmirnejadAssistant professor, Iran University of Art, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-3564-0481Journal Article20240706Several approaches can be used to determine strategies for dealing with market competition in a startup, one of which is the blue ocean strategy approach. The aim of this research was to develop a blue ocean strategy model for sports startups. A qualitative research method (Grounded Theory) was used. The research involved faculty members of entrepreneurship management and sports science faculties, employment and entrepreneurship working group lecturers, university growth and entrepreneurship center managers, science and technology park managers, entrepreneurs and owners of selected sports startups. Thirteen interviews were conducted using the purposeful sampling method, and theoretical saturation was reached for the codes. The data collection tool used was in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was carried out simultaneously during three stages of coding (open, central, and selective). From the total interviews conducted with the samples under investigation, 192 open codes were obtained in the form of 32 core codes and 6 selective codes, which included core categories (2 core codes and 8 open codes), causal factors (6 core codes and 34 open codes), contextual (7 central codes and 49 open codes), interventionist (6 central codes and 33 open codes), strategies (8 central codes and 55 open codes), and consequences (3 central codes and 13 codes). According to the results, sports startups can achieve increased profitability, market leadership, and improved business performance by creating new values for customers, adopting market orientation, reducing unnecessary costs, implementing management strategies, and institutionalizing innovation through the blue ocean strategy.https://jast.uma.ac.ir/article_3601_b7144b76988a5dc5002d186aa7473103.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-52599220250601Changes of trunk muscle synergies due to different insole wedges during squatting in athletes3547361410.22098/jast.2025.3614ENMohammadhosseinGhasemiDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Iceland, Reykjav&iacute;k, Iceland.HamedEsmaeiliDepartment of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.BehnamGholami BroujeniFaculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.Journal Article20231130Squatting is an important and common movement repeatedly performed during sports and daily activities. Insoles have been used as an intervention for several purposes, although their effect on trunk muscle synergy among athletes is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of different insole wedges on trunk muscle synergies during squatting in athletes. Twenty-eight (n=28) healthy athlete males participated in this study voluntarily. They performed a squatting task with 20% of their body mass. Pearson correlation coefficient and repeated measures analysis of variance tests were used to assess the similarity and compare trunk muscle synergies among five wedge conditions: non-wedge, anterior-medial, posterior-medial, anterior-lateral, and posterior-lateral wedges (P < 0.005 for Bonferroni correction). The result of the analysis identified three synergies for trunk muscles in all wedge conditions during squatting. In the first and third synergy, the activation pattern of trunk muscle synergy was highly similar among all wedge conditions (r > 0.9). In the second synergy, a moderate similarity was observed between the non-wedge with the anterior-medial and anterior-lateral wedge conditions (r = 0.584 and 0.654, respectively). In all three synergies, no significant difference was observed in the relative weight of muscles among wedge conditions (P > 0.005). It seems that muscle activity levels have only minor effects on the structures of muscle synergies during squatting. These changes may be a strategy by the central nervous system (CNS) to optimally control squat movement. Future studies are necessary to find other outcomes of these interventions on injury prevention or performance improvement.https://jast.uma.ac.ir/article_3614_0126afee9af48fdd07f4b4305a8cd4a1.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-52599220250601Investigating the Effects Janda's and Sahrmann's Correcting Exercise Approaches on Trunk Muscles Function in Young Girls with Lower Crossed Syndrome4859361510.22098/jast.2025.3615ENMohammadRabieiDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranTaherehNiroomandDepartment of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord university, Shahrekord, IranBanafshehMohammadiDepartment of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20240102One of syndromes that arising from muscle imbalances in the sagittal plane is lower crossed syndrome, and characterized by "crossed pattern" of postural dysfunction and lumbopelvic motion. The aim of this study is investigating the effects Janda's and Sahrmann's correcting exercise approaches on trunk muscles function in young girls with lower crossed syndrome. The present study was semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical sample of this research was 45 non-athletic young girls’ students from 18 to 30 years old in the dormitories of Shahrekord University. They were randomly divided into three groups of 15 subjects of Janda's and Sahrmann's training group and the control group. The muscle function was evaluated with sit and reach test, McGill protocol, and Plank test. The training program consisted of eight weeks and three sessions per week. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27 software and a one-way ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference among the groups for all variables after trainings (P≤ 0.01). The LSD post hoc test revealed that significant differences are between the control group and both training group in all variables (P≤ 0.01), also at sir and reach test and right-side plank test between Janda's approach and Sahrmann's approach corrective exercise groups (P≤ 0.04). Although stretching and strengthening trainings could be affect and retreat the muscular functions in musculoskeletal abnormalities like that lower crossed syndrome, further neuromuscular and sensorimotor trainings should be considered for better rehabilitation because of changes in muscles coordination and balance in abnormalitieshttps://jast.uma.ac.ir/article_3615_abde5c6837cb32eaba97850b03d4a1a5.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-52599220250601Designing the Stair Climbing Machine with Different Workloads for Each Foot6069368610.22098/jast.2024.15298.1357ENMostafaArmanfariran, tabriz, university of tabrizFaridPakzad HassanlouDepartment of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P.O.Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-6531-6175HamzehMoradiAssistant Professor of Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P.O.Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran.EhsanTatariDepartment of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P.O.Box 14665-889, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240621Stair climbing is an important but neglected aspect of independent living and in Rehabilitation process. Clinicians should pay attention to the ability to negotiate stairs in after surgery, injury and in elderly and disabled patients. In injuries, the muscles, joints and ligaments of the injured member are torn, shortened and weak, and therefore, especially in lower body injuries, where one of the legs undergo movement restriction most of the time. In the course of treatment and rehabilitation, a healthy limb will inevitably atrophy and lose strength due to lack of exercise. Therefore, the stair climbing device with the mechanism of simultaneous application of different loads for each leg can provide conditions for each of the legs to carry out training and rehabilitation activities in its own workload, so that in addition to increasing the strength of the injured leg, it can prevent decreased strength of the healthy leg. The aim of this study was to designing the stair climbing machine with different workloads for each foot.https://jast.uma.ac.ir/article_3686_556240789cee499c289264e61dc1a25b.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-52599220250601Research Synthesis of the Effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Sports and Physical Education7083386510.22098/jast.2025.16068.1380ENKamalNosrati HeshiAssistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran.MohammadAzimiAssociate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.HamidrezaDehghanAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.MortezaGolshani GehrazMA in education psychology, Allameh Amini educators, Tabriz, Iran.SabaKargarPrimary education group, Allameh Tabatabai educators, Ardabil, Iran.ShahramEsfandiariDepartment of English Language Teaching, Farhangian University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241023This research aimed to systematically review the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on sports and physical education. In this research synthesis, the impacts of artificial intelligence on sports and physical education were investigated from different aspects. The current research approach was qualitative and used a meta-synthesis strategy. The synthesis and content analysis techniques were used to explain the topic under investigation. MAXQDA software was also used for the analysis of the data. In order to find the effects of artificial intelligence on sports and physical education, recent research studies and documents were systematically selected, analyzed, and categorized. The study population was from the researches of the last few years, which were categorized and screened during the content analysis, and about 10 studies that met the conditions and criteria were selected purposefully. So that it was then coded and classified, and on this basis, theoretical foundations and main themes were extracted. Then, using content analysis, about 5 subcategories were identified, which were the general effects of artificial intelligence on physical education, improvement and reform of physical education, the effect of artificial intelligence on physical education learners, the effect of artificial intelligence on physical education instructors, and the challenges and limitations of artificial intelligence in sports and physical education.https://jast.uma.ac.ir/article_3865_38872b9cbd110c97d7aef95ef188709f.pdf