University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-525910320260801The Effect of concurrent M1 and DLPFC tDCS technology on performance, body composition, depression, anxiety and stress of professional swimmers370410.22098/jast.2024.15111.1352ENMinaKhantanDepartment of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Sport Sciences and Health, Ph.D Candidate, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranBehrouzAbdoliDepartment of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranAlirezaFarsiDepartment of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240521Introduction: It is very important to pay attention to the physical and mental health of professional athletes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a new method might be useful to reach this goal. <br />Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of chronic effects of tDCS technology on performance, body composition, depression, anxiety and stress of professional swimmers. <br />Materials and Methods: 19 male professional swimmers (age: 19.00±2.86 years) participated in the present study. On the first day, body composition, depression, anxiety and stress of athletes were evaluated. On the second day, swimming test was performed; according their pre-test records, participants were randomly divided into tDCS (n=10) and sham (n=9) groups. From the next day, 10 sessions of tDCS on the left hemisphere were applied three days a week. Two days after the last stimulation session, the initial evaluations were repeated. Statistical analysis was done with ANCOVA method. <br />Results: Swimming time records decreased significantly. The stress scores decreased significantly but no significant change was observed in none of the body composition variables (weight, body mass index, total body fat and total body skeletal muscle). Also, there was no significant change in depression and anxiety scores. <br />Discussion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that 10 sessions of tDCS along with the professional swimmers training, improves swimming performance and reduces the stress. <br />Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, use of tDCS as a helpful technology to improve athletes’ performance and developing their psychological aspects is recommended.University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-525910320260801"Exploring the Relationship between Satisfaction with the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) System and Fans’ Social Identity: The Mediating Effects of Analytical Enjoyment and Attitude toward Referee-Assistive Technology in Iranian Volleyball"461610.22098/jast.2026.18990.1454ENBahareSoleymani TapesariDepartment of Physical Education, Adib Mazandaran Institute of Higher EducationImanSafaeiDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, BG.C., Islamic Azad University, Bandar Gaz, IranMojtabaAhmadiDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, BG.C., Islamic Azad University, Bandar Gaz, IranMoeinKozegaranMaster's degree in Physical Education graduateJournal Article20251205Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the structural relationship between Iranian volleyball fans’ satisfaction with the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) system and their social identity, considering the mediating roles of analytical enjoyment and attitude toward technology in decision-making. The statistical population comprised volleyball fans attending matches of the Iranian Premier Volleyball League in 2023. <br />Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 384 fans participated in the study. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires on fan satisfaction with VAR, social identity, analytical enjoyment, and attitude toward technology. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and structural equation modeling (SEM), were applied. <br />Results: The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between fan satisfaction with VAR and social identity through the mediating role of attitude toward technology. <br />Conclusion: Since this type of performance has made this type of system an important component of the game, and sports fans feel good about it and consider it one of the most important elements in the process of holding a match, this sense of identity towards the technology has led to its emergence and further expansion in the sports industry Also, study found that fans' sense of close identification with their team is enhanced by decision-aiding technology, as it limits opportunities to discuss why their team may have been unfairly treated in certain match situations. Video referee assistance helps support accurate decisions by reducing controversial elements in the game of volleyball, which improves and changes fan perceptions of match refereeinghttps://jast.uma.ac.ir/article_4616_7681d1509f605573fca5ec208c9cfa07.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-525910320260801From Measurement to Action: A Systematic Review of the Neglected Dimensions of Feedback in IMU based Assessment of Children's Motor Development476510.22098/jast.2026.19978.1479ENSamanehHajihosseiniDepartment of Physical Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal Article20260531Introduction and objectives: Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) can objectively assess children's motor competence, yet their raw outputs remain inaccessible to non expert users such as teachers and coaches. The Swain et al.’s (2024) framework specifies three feedback themes—"Grab and Go", "Adjust and Adapt", and "Visualize and Feedback"—that are essential for user centred systems. However, the extent to which existing IMU based studies have addressed these dimensions is unknown. This systematic review aims to determine the extent to which existing IMU based studies have addressed these feedback dimensions and to propose an evidence informed framework for designing user centred feedback systems for teachers and coaches.<br /><br />Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three databases (Web of Science, IEEE, and Scopus) were searched up to February 2025. Studies were included if they used IMUs to assess fundamental movement skills in children (4–12 years) and reported quantitative outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI checklist. Each study was mapped against the 14 sub dimensions of the Swain framework and was classified as Type I (neglect: no feedback) or Type II (poor performance: feedback attempted but inadequate for non experts).<br /><br />Results: Twenty three studies were included. Nineteen (83%) were Type I —no feedback was provided. Four (17%) were Type II —feedback was limited to raw numbers (e.g., jump height) or graphs requiring expert interpretation. No study addressed personalisation (A1–A3), multimodal feedback (V2–V4), or referral alerts (R1–R2). Six persistent gaps were identified: Lack of actionable feedback, personalisation, multimodality, avatar based visualisation, referral mechanisms, and emotional engagement.<br /><br />Discussion and Conclusions: IMU based motor assessment has prioritised measurement accuracy while systematically neglecting the feedback needs of teachers and coaches. A seven step evidence informed framework is proposed, including hardware simplification (≤3 IMUs), developmental level personalisation, stepwise multimodal feedback, teacher referral alerts, field validation in schools, and open science practices. Closing the feedback gap requires a cultural shift from engineer centred validation to a teacher centred design.University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-525910320260801Manufacturing of a static and dynamic fencing device capable of evaluating and improving hit accuracy and speed under psychologically loaded and unloaded conditions.476610.22098/jast.2025.16896.1409ENLeylaKhosraviPh.D Candidate at the university of tabrizBehroozAkbarzadehphd student at the university of tabrizMohammad RasoulKhodadadiAssociate Professor, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.EhsanZareianassociate professor of motor behavior. allameh tabatabai university.ZahraPooraghaeiassociate professor of motor behavior, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250301This research focuses on the Manufacturing of a static and dynamic fencing device capable of evaluating and improving hit accuracy and speed under psychologically loaded and unloaded conditions. This device has the capability to provide visual and auditory stimuli, and estimate the amount of force applied. Additionally, a training partner is placed on installed rails, which has both static and dynamic capabilities and can move. To simulate a competition state, the memory in the training partner provides general and detailed information, including error percentage, performance speed in the same session or in comparison to previous sessions. Stimuli are provided in three modes: simple, selective, and differential, to increase decision-making speed through training and coordination. The use of a loudspeaker to play spectator sounds and the provision of colored stimuli at the moment with psychological load and without them at the moment without cognitive load is done to standardize the training partner's conditions with the opponent's training state in a competition. This device can be adjusted by the coach or by the athlete themselves, with or without the coach's presence. The final report of the completed training is available both in print and display. Ultimately, based on the obtained information, the coach can make changes to their training and exercises if necessary.University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-525910320260801The challenges of using new technologies in holding sports events476710.22098/jast.2023.14095.1321ENVajihehJavaniDepartment of sport management, Faculty of physical Education and sport sciences, university of TabrizFarzinPourghasemDepartment of Sport Management
Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences,University of Tabriz , Tabriz, IRANFateme (AbdaviDepartment of Sport Management
Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences,University of Tabriz , Tabriz, IRANJournal Article20231124The rapid advancement of technology in recent decades has provided countless opportunities for using new tools and systems in the sports industry and the organization of sports events. The research was conducted to identify the challenges of using new technologies in holding sporting events. The study was conducted in two sequential exploratory mixed methods stages. In the qualitative section, thematic analysis was used; in the quantitative area, PLS 3.0 software was used to analyze the data. The study population consisted of technology experts, management experts, and scholars. In the qualitative section, purposeful snowball sampling was used to select sample members for in-depth interviews. In total, 15 interviews were conducted. In the quantitative area, the sample size was considered 250 people. The results showed that the most important challenges include A) financial and infrastructure challenges, B) human resource challenges, C) legal and security challenges, and D) user-related challenges. Overall, the findings highlight the multifaceted nature of the challenges of using new technologies in holding sporting events, with financial, human resource, legal, and user-based factors presenting significant barriers. Targeted investments, strategic partnerships, updated policies, and user-centric design approaches are recommended to address these interrelated challenges holistically.University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Advanced Sport Technology2538-525910320260801Comparison of the Performance of Single-Joint and Biarticular Muscle Synergies with Outputs from AnyBody and OpenSim During Walking481210.22098/jast.2025.16377.1395ENHeydarSadeghiDepartment of Sport Biomechanics and Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranMojtabaKhoshbatenDepartment of Sport Biomechanics and Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranMehdiKhaleghi TazejiDepartment of Sport Biomechanics and Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241215Introduction and Objective: Considering the importance of assessing synergies and patterns of single-joint and biarticular muscles during walking for improving the diagnosis and management of orthopedic and neurological conditions, this study aimed to compare the performance of single-joint and biarticular muscle synergies with outputs from AnyBody and OpenSim during walking.<br /><br />Methodology: In this study, kinetic, kinematic, and electromyography (EMG) data of the lower limb were collected from 32 participants during self-selected speed walking. Kinetic and kinematic data processed through AnyBody and OpenSim software were compared with normalized EMG data using the SPM method. Additionally, the temporal EMG correlation matrix was utilized to analyze synergist muscles.<br /><br />Results: SPM analysis indicated good agreement between normalized EMG data and the outputs from AnyBody and OpenSim software. However, during certain phases of the gait cycle, normalized EMG values reached higher peaks (p < 0.05). The temporal EMG correlation matrix during walking revealed the following:<br /><br />• Quadriceps muscles showed strong correlations (above 0.92) during knee extension.<br /><br />• Hamstrings exhibited moderate to strong correlations (0.67) during knee flexion and hip extension.<br /><br />• Calf muscles demonstrated strong correlations (above 0.94) during ankle plantarflexion.<br /><br />• Gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae showed strong correlations (0.9) during hip abduction and pelvic stabilization.<br /><br />Conclusion: The results indicated that AnyBody was more accurate in estimating single-joint muscle activity, while OpenSim performed better in analyzing biarticular muscles and more complex movement patterns. These findings could contribute to improving simulation models and developing new strategies for diagnosing and treating movement disorders.