Development of Public Sports Using Social Marketing Concepts and Technologies in Iran: A Grounded Theory Approach

Document Type : Original research papers

Author

Department of Management and Economy, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

10.22098/jast.2024.13567.1303

Abstract

Social marketing plays a key role in understanding the behavioral change of the target audience, placing health awareness in them, and ultimately achieving benefits. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which was carried out at the request of Tehran Municipality, is to develop public sports using social marketing concepts and technologies in Iran. A qualitative approach is used, and this study is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of type. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews, we developed and validated a conceptual framework with the grounded theory method. The statistical population includes marketers, experts, and specialists in the field of public sports using social marketing, of which 14 people were selected by purposeful sampling and participated in this study. The number of samples follows the rule of saturation. To analyze the data, the method of open, axial, and selective coding was used. The findings show that concepts were identified in the form of a central category, 16 main categories and 98 sub-categories and over 300 concepts or codes. Finally, the paradigmatic model of the development of public sports using social marketing was presented.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Chin, J. H., & Mansori, S. (2018). Social marketing and public health: A literature review. Journal of
    Marketing Management and Consumer Behavior, 2(2), 48-66.
    2. Sabri, Ali, Bagheri, Qadratullah, Khabeiri. Mohammad, Yazdani. Hamidreza, Ali Dost. Abraham (2017).
    Understanding the formation process of social marketing for the development of public sports, and research
    in educational sports. No. 15, pp. 293-316.
    3. Nielsen, K., & Storm, R. K. (2017). Profits, championships and budget constraints in European professional
    sport. When sport meets business: Capabilities, challenges, critiques, 153-166.
    4. Bradbury, T., & O’Boyle, I. (2017). Understanding Sport Management: International Perspectives. New
    York, USA: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315657554
    5. McHugh, J., Bronson, P., & Watters, E. (2015, September). The Future of Sports. Retrieved October 20,
    2016, from http://www.gannett-cdn.com/usatoday/editorial/sports/The-Future-of-Sports-2015-Report.pdf
    6. Sami Nia, Mona, Peymanizadeh, Hossein and Javadipour, Mohammad (2012). Strategic pathology of public
    sports in Iran and providing development strategies based on the SWOT model, Sports Studies, No. 20, pp.
    221-238.
    7. World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. World
    Health Organization.
    8. Mullin, B. (1983). Sports marketing, promotion, and public relations. Amherst, MA: National Sport
    Management.
    9. CNN. (2016). ESports: Global revenue expected to smash $1 billion by 2019. Retrieved from
    http://edition.cnn. com/2016/05/29/sport/esports-revolution-revenue-audience-growth/index.html
    10. De Graaf, R. O. N., Ten Have, M., & van Dorsselaer, S. (2010). The Netherlands mental health survey and
    incidence study‐2 (NEMESIS‐2): Design and methods. International journal of methods in psychiatric
    research, 19(3), 125-141.
    11. Milanović, Z., Pantelić, S., Trajković, N., Sporiš, G., Kostić, R., & James, N. (2013). Age-related decrease
    in physical activity and functional fitness among elderly men and women. Clinical interventions in aging,
    549-556.
    12. Kotler P, Roberto N, Lee N. 2002. Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life. Thousand Oaks, CA:
    Sage
  2. 13. Salo, M. (2021). Career transitions of eSports athletes: A proposal for a research framework. In Research
    anthology on business strategies, health factors, and ethical Implications in sports and eSports (pp. 478-490).
    IGI Global.
    14. Williams, W. M., & Ayres, C. G. (2020). Can active video games improve physical activity in adolescents?
    A review of RCT. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(2), 669.
    15. Stylianou, M., Woodforde, J., Duncombe, S., Kolbe-Alexander, T., & Gomersall, S. (2022). School physical
    activity policies and associations with physical activity practices and behaviours: A systematic review of the
    literature. Health & Place, 73, 102705.
    16. Casey, B., Coote, S., & Byrne, M. (2019). Activity matters: a web-based resource to enable people with
    multiple sclerosis to become more active. Translational behavioral medicine, 9(1), 120-128.
    17. Donovan, R., & Henley, N. (2010). Principles and practice of social marketing: an international perspective.
    Cambridge University Press.
    18. Hughes, A., Bolar, T., & Kennison, S. M. (2016). Ageism, Illegal Drug Use, and Young Adults' Experiences
    With Illness, Dementia and Death. Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis, 13(1).
    19. Kubacki, K., Hurley, E., & Rundle-Thiele, S. R. (2018). A systematic review of sports sponsorship for public
    health and social marketing. Journal of Social Marketing, 8(1), 24-39.
    20. Yusefvand, Mohammad; Naji, Morteza; Mirzaei, Morteza. (2021). The study and prioritization of social
    marketing mix (p7) of sports venues in the development of public sports in Basijian of Lorestan province.
    Sports Sciences and Combat Strength, 2(3), 33-53.
    21. Moradi, D. N., & Atghia, N. (2021). The Role of Social Marketing in Sports Tourism Development in Tehran
    Province.
    22. Safari, Zahra; Architecture, Jaleh; Saadati, Mahsa. (2019). Studying the program to promote sports and
    physical activity in primary schools with a social marketing approach. Scientific-Research Quarterly of
    Applied Researches in Sports Management, 7(3), 97-111.
    23. Tatari, Ehsan; Ehsani, Mohammad; Nowrozi Seyyed Hosseini, Rasool; Kuze Chian, Hashem. (2019).
    Designing a participation model in recreational sports with a social marketing approach. Scientific-Research
    Quarterly Journal of Applied Research in Sports Management, 7(4), 87-98.
    24. Sedky, D., Kortam, W., & AbouAish, E. (2022). The role of sports marketing in attracting audiences towards
    less popular sports. Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences, 4(2), 113-131.
    25. Lee, D. Y., Cho, S. H., & Park, H. B. (2014). Risk factors of past injuries among of the sports climbing
    athletes who participated in the national sports festival. The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(2), 85-
    91