Document Type : Original research papers
Authors
1
Department of Sport Science Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili
3
sport biomechanics, faculty of educational sciences and psychology
4
Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
10.22098/jast.2025.16375.1394
Abstract
Background: The global population is experiencing a significant and remarkable increase in the number and proportion of elderly individuals presenting unique challenges. This study aims to evaluate physical fitness levels among older adults, employing validated assessment tools to support evidence-based planning and the development of targeted interventions in geriatric health.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 210 older adults aged 60 and above, selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a combination of objective and self-reported measures, including smart fitness devices (mobile fitness trackers) for real-time activity monitoring. Anthropometric assessments and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were used to evaluate body composition. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Senior Fitness Test (SFT) assessed physical activity levels and functional fitness, with additional data gathered from structured interviews. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27, with descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to examine the relationships between physical fitness and body composition.
Results: A significant negative correlation was identified between body fat percentage and various physical fitness parameters. Specifically, body fat percentage was negatively correlated with lower body strength (r = -0.25, p < 0.001), upper body strength (r = -0.22, p < 0.001), and lower body flexibility (r = -0.22, p < 0.001). These results suggest that increased body fat is associated with diminished strength and flexibility in older adults.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that body composition, particularly elevated body fat percentage and BMI, negatively impacts physical capabilities such as strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular health in older adults. The observed decline in flexibility and cardiovascular capacity underscores the need for targeted interventions, including stretching and structured high-intensity exercise programs, to improve strength and balance and reduce fall risks. Tailored exercise strategies are essential to enhance body composition, optimize physical fitness, and improve overall health and quality of life in the elderly.
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